Названия династий выделены - все буквы заглавные (VORTIGERN, STUART и др.)
кроме приставок ("De", "Fitz", "Mac"...)
*****ENGLAND *****
England emerges throughout the 9th century CE, as the Kingdom of Wessex
became the pre-emminent Anglo-Saxon nation and, with the containment of the
Scandinav
ian Kingdom of York by the end of the century, the only surviving
English nation. By 925, documents and seals exclusively refer to the Kingdom
as "England", rather than Wessex.
Local Celtic nations....................c. 500 BCE-c. 80 CE
To the RomanEmpire..........................43 CE-410
Roman legions withdrawn, and the establishment of a Romano-British state is
attempted. Saxon and Irish pirates, and Pictish raiders, immediately swarm
forward.
VORTIGERN
Owen...........................................410-c. 425
Vortigern I (Vitalinus ?)...................c. 425-c. 466
Vortimer....................................c. 466-c. 471
Vortigern II................................c. 471-c. 480
Ambrosius Aurelianus........................c. 480-c. 488/96
Uther Pendragon ? (Existence problematic)c. 488 ? -c. 500 ?
Arthur...................................c. 496 ? -c. 537
The realm fragments completely from c. 535 onward, being broken up into
various Anglo-Saxon and Cymric local states, which see. As stated above,
Wessex gains a preemminent position by c. 900, and at roughly that time, the
Kingdom of England can be identified...
CERDICINGAS
Egbert.........................................829-839
Ethelwulf......................................839-855 d. 858
Ethelbald......................................855-860
Ethelbert......................................860-866
Ethelred I.....................................866-871
Alfred the Great...............................871-899
Edward I the Elder.............................899-924
Elfward.............................17 July-1 Aug. 924
Ethelstan......................................924-939
Edmund I the Magnificent.......................939-946
Edred..........................................946-955
Edwyg..........................................955-959
Edgar (I) the Peaceful.........................959-975
Edward II the Martyr...........................975-978
Ethelred II Ill-counsel........................978-1013 d. 1016
SKIOLDUNG
Sven Forkbeard................................1013-1014
CERDICINGAS
Ethelred II Ill-counsel (restored)............1014-1016
Edmund II Ironside.........................Apr-Nov 1016 opposed by...
SKIOLDUNG
Cnut I the Great..........................Apr 1016-1035
Harold I Harefoot.............................1035-1040
Cnut II the Hardy.............................1040-1042
CERDICINGAS
Edward III the Confessor......................1042-1066
Wessex
Harold II Godwinson........................Jan-Oct 1066
England
Edgar (II) the AEtheling...................0ct-Dec 1066 d. c. 1125: opposed
by...
FitzROBERT
William I the Conqueror...................Oct 1066-1087
William II the Red............................1087-1100
Henry I Beauclerc.............................1100-1135
DeCHAMPAGNE
Stephen of Blois..............................1135-1141 d. 1154
FitzROBERT
Matilda the Empress................................1141 d. 1167
DeCHAMPAGNE
Stephen of Blois (restored)...................1141-1154
PLANTAGENET
Henry II......................................1154-1189
Richard I the Lionhearted.....................1189-1199
John Lackland.................................1199-1216
Henry III.....................................1216-1272
Edward I Longshanks...........................1272-1307
Edward II of Caernarvon.......................1307-1327 d. 1327
Edward III....................................1327-1377
Richard II of Bordeaux........................1377-1399 d. 1400
Plantagenet-Lancaster
Henry IV......................................1399-1413
Henry V.......................................1413-1422
Henry VI......................................1422-1461 d. 1471
Plantagenet-York
Edward IV.....................................1461-1470 d. 1483
Plantagenet-Lancaster
Henry VI (restored)...........................1470-1471 d. 1471
Plantagenet-York
Edward IV (restored)..........................1471-1483
Edward V..................................Apr-June 1483 d. 1483?
Richard III...................................1483-1485
TUDOR
Henry VII.....................................1485-1509
Henry VIII....................................1509-1547
Edward VI.....................................1547-1553
GREY
Jane.....................................9-19 July 1553 e. 1554
TUDOR
Mary I........................................1553-1558 with...
HABSBURG
Philip........................................1554-1558 d. 1598
TUDOR
Elizabeth I...................................1558-1603
STUART
James I.......................................1603-1625
Charles I.....................................1625-1649
COMMONWEALTH and PROTECTORATE
Parliament....................................1649-1653
Oliver Cromwell...............................1653-1658
Richard Cromwell.....................Sept 1658-May 1659 d. 1712
Parliament (restored)......................May-Oct 1659
John Lambert..........................Oct 1659-Feb 1660 d. 1684
George Monck...............................Feb-May 1660 d. 1670
STUART
Charles II....................................1660-1685
James II......................................1685-1688 d. 1701
Interregnum...................................1688-1689
NASSAU-ORANGE
William III...................................1689-1702 with...
STUART
Mary II.......................................1689-1694
Anne..........................................1702-1708 d. 1714
(United with the Kingdom of Scotland, to form the Kingdom of Great Britain)
***** SCOTLAND *****
The kingdom of Scotland emerged in the 9th century CE. from the enforced
union of the Kingdom of DalRiada, under Kenneth I, with that of the Kingdom
of the Picts. The realm was fully extended in 1034 with the absorption of
the Kingdom of Strathclyde. The Hebrides, Orkney Isles, and the Shetland
Isles (Norwegian and then Danish fiefs) were attached in 1472.
MacALPIN
Kenneth I..........................................844-859
Donald I...........................................859-863
Constantine I......................................863-877
Aedh Whitefoot.....................................877-878
MacRUNN
Eochu (Strathclyde 877-889)........................878-889 with...
MacDUNGAL
Girig I............................................878-889
MacALPIN
Donald II..........................................889-900
Constantine II.....................................900-942 d.c. 943
Malcolm II.........................................942-954
Indulf (Strathclyde 945-954).......................954-962
Duff (Strathclyde 954-62)..........................962-967
Colin Ring.........................................967-971
Kenneth II (Lowlands)..............................971-995 opposed by...
Olav (Highlands)...................................971-977
Constantine III the Bald...........................995-997
Kenneth III........................................997-1005 with...
Girig II...........................................997-1005
Malcolm II (Strathclyde 990-995)..................1005-1034
MacCRINAN
Duncan I (Strathclyde c. 1018-1040)...............1034-1040
MacFINLAEC
Macbeth...........................................1040-1057
MacGILLACOMGAN
Lulach the Simple.................................1057-1058
MacCRINAN
Malcolm III Great-Head............................1058-1093
Donald III Bane...................................1093-1094 d.c. 1100
Duncan II..............................................1094
Donald III Bane (restored)........................1094-1097 d.c. 1100
with...
Edmund............................................1094-1097 d.c. 1098
Edgar.............................................1097-1107
Alexander I........................,..............1107-1124
David I the Saint.................................1124-1153
Malcolm IV the Youth..............................1153-1165
William I the Lion................................1165-1214
Alexander II......................................1214-1249
Alexander III.....................................1249-1286
SKIOLDUNG
Margaret..........................................1286-1290
Interregnum.......................................1290-1292
DeBALIOL
John..............................................1292-1296 d. 1313
To England........................................1296-1306
DeBRUCE
Robert I..........................................1306-1329
David II..........................................1329-1332 d. 1371
DeBALIOL
Edward.............................................Aug-Dec 1332 d. 1363
DeBRUCE
David II (restored)...........................Dec 1332-July 1333 d. 1371
DeBALIOL
Edward (restored).................................1333-1342 d. 1363
DeBRUCE
David II (re-restored)............................1342-1371
STEWART
Robert II.........................................1371-1390
Robert III........................................1390-1406
James I...........................................1406-1437
James II..........................................1437-1460
James III.........................................1460-1488
James IV..........................................1488-1513
James V...........................................1513-1542
Mary I............................................1542-1567 d. 1587
Stuart
James VI..........................................1567-1625
Charles I.........................................1625-1649
Charles II........................................1649-1651 d. 1685
COMMONWEALTH and PROTECTORATE
Parliament........................................1651-1653
Oliver Cromwell...................................1653-1658
Richard Cromwell.............................Sept 1658-May 1659 d. 1712
Parliament.........................................May-Oct 1659
John Lambert..................................Oct 1659-Feb 1660 d. 1684
George Monck.......................................Feb-May 1660 d. 1670
STUART
Charles II (restored).............................1660-1685
James VII.........................................1685-1688 d. 1701
Interregnum.......................................1688-1689
NASSAU-ORANGE
William III.......................................1689-1702 with...
STUART
Mary II..........................................1689-1694
Anne.............................................1702-1708 d. 1714
(United with the kingdom of England, to form the Kingdom of Great Britain.)
James VIII.................................1715, 1745-1746 d. 1766
----------- По материалам сайта http://web.raex.com/~obsidian/regindex.html - Regnal Chronologies:
England
The central and southern portions of the Isle of Britain. The English people are an even blend of Romano-British Celts, Anglo-Saxon Teutons, Danes, and Normans (themselves a melding of Frankish and Norwegian folk). Their influence on world affairs is much too well known to require review here.
BERNICIA
The thinly populated reach of territory in Durham and Northumberland. The sequence of Kings here, especially from 570-593, is extremely muddled, and I have had to sift through competing versions in order to make a best guess. Best guess is: I have it wrong in one way or another.
Ida.............................................c. 558-570 ?
Glappa ? ..........................................570-571
Adda ? ............................................571-579
Hussa ? ...........................................579-586
Theodric ? ........................................586-593
Ethelfrith.........................................593-616
To Deira...........................................616-632
Eanfrith...........................................632-633
St. Oswald.........................................633-641
Oswiu..............................................641-671
From Oswiu's time forward, Bernicia and Deira were always united, and collectively formed the Kingdom of Northumbria.
The BRETWALDAS The institution of the Bretwalda was the closest thing that the Anglo-Saxons had to a High King or national leader. Simply put, the Bretwalda was that Anglo-Saxon monarch acknowledged by all the others to be paramount in battle, and most powerful among their number. Here is a list of those rulers identified by their peers as Bretwaldas. The names in pale tint were not specifically named as such, but were clearly the Bretwaldas of their era.
Aelle of Sussex....................................477-c. 500
Ceawlin of Wessex..................................560-591
Ethelbert of Kent..................................591-616
Redwald of East Anglia.............................616-627
Edwin of Deira.....................................627-632
St. Oswald of Bernicia.............................633-641
Oswiu of Northumbria...............................641-670
Ethelbald of Mercia.............................c. 735-757
Offa the Mighty, of Mercia.........................757-796
Egbert of Wessex...................................829-839
Ethelwulf of Wessex................................839-855
Ethelbald of Wessex................................855-860
Ethelbert of Wessex................................860-866
Ethelred of Wessex.................................866-871
Alfred the Great, of Wessex........................871-899
DEIRA The north country lying south of the Humber.
Aelli...........................................c. 560-588
To Bernicia........................................588-616
Edwin..............................................616-632
Osric..............................................632-633
To Bernicia........................................633-644
Oswine.............................................644-651
Ethelbald..........................................651-654
United once more with Bernicia, to form Northumbria.
DUMNONIA The southwest corner of England, covering Cornwall and Devon. The region was not successfully conquered by the English until the very end of the Saxon period.
Caradoc
Donant
MERIADOC
Conan................................................ -c. 395
Cadfan..........................................c. 395-c. 405
Gwrfawr.........................................c. 405-c. 415
Tudwal..........................................c. 415-c. 425
Cynfarch........................................c. 425- ?
Constantine I Corneu............................... ? -c. 443
Urban...........................................c. 443-c. 480
Gereint I.......................................c. 480-c. 510
Cador...........................................c. 510- ?
Constantine II..................................... ? -c. 580
Gereint II......................................c. 580-c. 598
Bledrig.........................................c. 598-c. 614
Clement.........................................c. 614- ?
Peter Splintered-Spear............................. ? - ?
Culmin.........................................fl. c. 658/661
Duncan I.......................................fl. c. 682
Gereint III....................................fl. c. 710
A line of Kings, names unknown
Duncan II.......................................... ? -c. 871
Possibly overrun for a time by Scandinavian raiders; but Cornwall/Devon retain an independent tradition until approximately 1050.
EAST ANGLIA The Angles were one of the other folk to have occupied Britain, alongside the Saxons and Jutes. Although not the most numerous or influential, their name was ultimately applied to the whole Teuton-British establishment; Anglaland.
Redwald.....................................c. 590/600-616/27
Earpwald........................................616/27-627/8
?
Sigebert........................................630/1- ? with...
Egric...........................................635 ?- ?
Annah...........................................635 ?-654
Ethelhere.............................................654
Ethelwold.........................................654-664
Aldwulf...........................................664-713
Alfwold...........................................713-749
Hunn..............................................749- ? with...
Beorna............................................749- aft. 758 and...
Albert............................................749- ?
Ethelred.....................................aft. 758- ?
Ethelbert........................................... -794
Eadwald........................................fl. c. 798
Ethelstan......................................c. 825-c. 840
Ethelward......................................c. 840-c. 855
Edmund............................................855-870
Oswald............................................870-880
A VIKING KINGDOM
Guthrum...........................................880-890
Eric..............................................890-902
(Another King, no name given).....................902-917
To England thereafter
ENGLAND England emerges throughout the 9th century CE, as the Kingdom of Wessex became the pre-emminent Anglo-Saxon nation and, with the containment of the Scandinavian Kingdom of York by the end of the century, the only surviving English nation. By 925, documents and seals exclusively refer to the Kingdom as "England", rather than Wessex.
Local Celtic nations.......................c. 500 BCE-c. 80 CE
To the
Roman Empire.............................43 CE-410
Roman legions withdrawn, and the establishment of a Romano-British state is attempted. Saxon and Irish pirates, and Pictish raiders, immediately swarm forward.
VORTIGERN
Vortigern I....................................c. 420-c. 447
Vortigern II...................................c. 447-455/460
Ambrosius Aurelianus...........................c. 460-C. 488
Owen Ddantgwyn (
Arthur?).......................c. 488-C. 520
Cuneglasus (Cyngen I)..........................c. 520-c. 550
The realm fragments completely from c. 525 onward, being broken up into various Anglo-Saxon and Cymric local states, which see. As stated above, Wessex gains a preemminent position by c. 900, and at roughly that time, the Kingdom of England can be identified...
CERDICINGAS
Egbert.............................................825-839
Ethelwulf..........................................839-855 d. 858
Ethelbald..........................................855-860
Ethelbert..........................................860-866
Ethelred I.........................................866-871
Alfred the Great...................................871-899
Edward I the Elder.................................899-924
Ethelstan..........................................924-939
Edmund I the Magnificent...........................939-946
Edred..............................................946-955
Edwyg..............................................955-959
Edgar the Peaceful.................................959-975
Edward II the Martyr...............................975-978
Ethelred II Ill-counsel...........................978-1013 d. 1016
SKIOLDUNG
Sven Forkbeard...................................1013-1014
CERDICINGAS
Ethelred II Ill-counsel (restored)...............1014-1016
Edmund II Ironside............................Apr-Nov 1016
SKIOLDUNG
Cnut I the Great.................................1016-1035
Harold I Harefoot................................1035-1040
Cnut II the Hardy................................1040-1042
CERDICINGAS
Edward III the Confessor.........................1042-1066
GODWINSON
Harold II.....................................Jan-Oct 1066
FitzROBERT
William I the Conqueror..........................1066-1087
William II the Red...............................1087-1100
Henry I Beauclerc................................1100-1135
DeCHAMPAGNE
Stephen of Blois.................................1135-1141 d. 1154
FitzROBERT
Matilda the Empress...................................1141 d. 1167
DeCHAMPAGNE
Stephen of Blois (restored)......................1141-1154
PLANTAGENET
Henry II.........................................1154-1189
Richard I the Lionhearted........................1189-1199
John Lackland....................................1199-1216
Henry III........................................1216-1272
Edward I Longshanks..............................1272-1307
Edward II of Caernarvon..........................1307-1327 d. 1327
Edward III.......................................1327-1377
Richard II of Bordeaux...........................1377-1399 d. 1400
Plantagenet-Lancaster
Henry IV.........................................1399-1413
Henry V..........................................1413-1422
Henry VI.........................................1422-1461 d. 1471
Plantagenet-York
Edward IV........................................1461-1470 d. 1483
Plantagenet-Lancaster
Henry VI (restored)..............................1470-1471 d. 1471
Plantagenet-York
Edward IV (restored).............................1471-1483
Edward V.....................................Apr-June 1483 d. 1483?
Richard III......................................1483-1485
TUDOR
Henry VII........................................1485-1509
Henry VIII.......................................1509-1547
Edward VI........................................1547-1553
GREY
Jane........................................9-19 July 1553 e. 1554
TUDOR
Mary I...........................................1553-1558 with...
HABSBURG
Philip...........................................1554-1558 d. 1598
TUDOR
Elizabeth I......................................1558-1603
STUART
James I.......................................,..1603-1625
Charles I........................................1625-1649
COMMONWEALTH and PROTECTORATE
Parliament.......................................1649-1653
Oliver Cromwell..................................1653-1658
Richard Cromwell........................Sept 1658-May 1659 d. 1712
Parliament (restored).........................May-Oct 1659
John Lambert.............................Oct 1659-Feb 1660 d. 1684
George Monck..................................Feb-May 1660 d. 1670
STUART
Charles II.......................................1660-1685
James II.........................................1685-1688 d. 1701
Interregnum......................................1688-1689
NASSAU-ORANGE
William III......................................1689-1702 with...
STUART
Mary II..........................................1689-1694
Anne.............................................1702-1708 d. 1714
(United with the Kingdom of Scotland, to form the Kingdom of Great Britain)
ESSEX
? (Several monarchs, unknown in name and number)
Saebert..............................................-616/7
Sexred..........................................616/7-617 with...
Saewald.........................................616/7-617
Sigebert I........................................617-bfr. 653
Sigebert II..........................................-653/64
Swithelm...............................fl. period 653-664
Sighere...........................................664-685 with...
Sebbi.............................................664-692
?
Sigehard..........................................694-bfr. 709 with...
Swaefred..........................................694-bfr. 709
Offa.................................................-in or aft. 709
Saelred........................................c. 709-746 with...
Swaefbert......................................c. 709-738
Swithred.......................................c. 746-aft. 758
Sigeric....................................fl. latter 8th cent.
Sigered.........................................799 ?-aft. 807
To Wessex, early 9th century
KENT The oldest of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms.
Hengist........................................c. 455-c. 488
Oeric..........................................c. 488-512
Octa..............................................512- ?
Eormenric......................................... ? -c. 560
Ethelbert I.......................................560-616
Eadbald...........................................616-640
Earconbert........................................640-664
Egbert I..........................................664-673
Hlothere..........................................673-685 with...
Swaebhard......................................c. 680-aft. 692 with...
Eadric............................................685-686 and then...
Oswin.........................................fl. 689/690 and also...
Wihtred...........................................690-725
Ethelbert II......................................725-762 with...
Eadbert I.........................................725-748 and...
Eardwulf..........................................fl. 747
Sigered...........................................fl. 762
Eanmund.................................fl. late 8th cent.
Heabert...........................................fl. 765
Egbert II......................................c. 765-c. 780
Eahlmund..........................................fl. 784
Eadbert II...........................................-798
To Mercia.............................................798
Cuthred...........................................798-805
Eadwald.......................................fl. 798-807 ?
Baldred..............................................-825
To Wessex thereafter
Ethelwulf.........................................855-858
MERCIA One of the youngest of the Anglo-Saxon monarchies, Mercia nevertheless achieved brilliance in its day, particularly during much of the 8th century, when it was the predominant Kingdom among the English. It was located north of Wessex, in west-central England, athwart the Welsh Marches.
Penda.............................................632-654
(To Bernicia......................................654-657)
Wulfhere..........................................657-674
Ethelred..........................................674-704
Coenred...........................................704-709
Coelred...........................................709-716
Ethelbald.........................................716-757
Beornred..............................................757
Offa the Mighty...................................757-796
Ecgfrith..............................................796
Coenwulf..........................................796-821
Ceolwulf I........................................821-823
Beornwulf.........................................823-825
Ludecan...........................................835-827
Wiglaf............................................827-829 d. 840
(To Wessex........................................829-830
Wiglaf (restored).................................830-840
Beorhtwulf........................................840-852
Burgred...........................................852-874
Ceolwulf II.......................................874-883
To Wessex, and England
NORTHUMBRIA A large Anglo-Saxon Kingdom covering almost all of the thinly populated north country. Northumbria arose out of the amalgamation of two precursor states, Bernicia and Deira. It was further enhanced by the conquest of Rheged, adjacent to the Irish Sea, in the early 7th century. Ultimately though, it could not contain the onslaught of the Norse raiders in the 8th and 9th centuries, and it was eventually replaced by a Viking Kingdom at York.
Ecgfrith..........................................671-685
Aldfrith..........................................685-704
Eadwulf...........................................704-705
Osred I...........................................705-716
Coenred...........................................716-718
Osric.............................................718-729
Ceolwulf..........................................729-764 with...
Eadbert...........................................737-758 and...
Oswulf............................................757-759 and then...
Ethelwald Moll....................................759-765
Alcred............................................765-774
Ethelred I........................................774-779 d. 796
Alfwald I.........................................779-788
Osred II..........................................788-789 d. 792
Ethelred I (restored).............................789-796
Osbald................................................796
Eardwulf..........................................796-806 d. 808
Elfwald II........................................806-808
Eardwulf (restored)...................................808
Eanred............................................808-840
Ethelred II.......................................840-844
Redwulf...............................................844
Ethelred II (restored)............................844-849 with...
Osbert........................................848/850-867
Aelle.................................................867
Egbert I..........................................867-872
Ricsige...........................................873-876
Egbert II.........................................876-878
Northumbria destroyed. Viking Kingdom of York takes its place.
RHEGED A Cymric Kingdom in northwestern England; Cumberland, Lancastershire, and the Lake Country. Little is known of this state, and the information is quite tentative. King Uriens is fairly well known; he is praised by Gildas, among other things.
Gwrast the Ragged.......................fl. mid 5th cent.
Meirchion the Lean...................................-535
NORTH RHEGED
Cynfarch the Dismal
Llew................................................. with...
Arawn
Urien................................................-590
Owen..............................................590-c. 600
Rhoed ?
To Northumbria, early 7th century
SOUTH RHEGED
Elidyr Llydanwyn
Llywarch the Old......................fl. early 7th cent.
To Northumbria, early 7th century
SUSSEX The Kingdom of the South Saxons, the coastal region between Kent and Portsmouth.
Aelle.............................................477- ?
Cissa............................................. ? -514
?
Sussex seems to disappear for a time, and it is not impossible that the region was actually reconquered by the native Romano-Britons.....
Ethelwalh...................................before 674-680/5
Berthun...............................................-685 with...
Andhun................................................- ?
To Kent............................................685-686
To Wessex..........................................686-c. 690/2
Nothelm............................................fl. 692 with...
Watt...............................................fl. 692
Ethelstan..........................................fl. 714
Ethelbert...............................fl. period 725-750
Osmund........................................bfr. 758-c. 772
Oswald.............................................fl. 772
Oslac..............................................fl. 772
Aldwulf.................................fl. period 772-791
Aelhwald................................fl. end of the 8th century
To Wessex near the beginning of the 9th century. C. 812 ?
Ethelwulf..........................................855-858
WESSEX Located between the Isle of Wight and the Severn, the Kingdom of the West Saxons was one of the more stable Saxon monarchies during the Dark Ages. Its founder, Cerdic, was in all probability of at least partial Cymric parentage, since the term "Cerdic" means nothing in Anglo-Saxon, but appears to be a Saxon attempt at pronouncing the fairly common Cymric name of "Caradoc".
Cerdic.........................................c. 519-534
Cynric............................................534-560
Ceawlin...........................................560-591 d. 595
Ceol..............................................591-597
Ceolwulf..........................................597-611
Cynegils..........................................611-643
Cenwalh...........................................643-674 with...
Saexburha.........................................672-674
Aescwine..........................................674-676
Centwine..........................................676-685
Caedwalla.........................................685-688 d. 689
Ine...............................................688-726
Ethelheard........................................726-740
Cuthred...........................................740-756
Sigebert..........................................756-757
Cynewulf..........................................757-786
PENDINGAS
Beorhtric.........................................786-802
CERDICINGAS
Egbert............................................802-839
With King Egbert's victory over Mercia in 825, he could assume overlordship of all the Saxons. Although challenged, this supremacy never abated, and with it the beginnings of England as a nation commence.
YORK
A Scandinavian Kingdom which replaced Northumbria in the late 8th century, and led a ramshackle existence for another eighty years or so.
Halfdan I.........................................875-883
Guthfridh I.......................................883-894 with...
Sigfridh..........................................883- ?
Cnut.................................fl. early 10th cent.
Ethelwald............................fl. early 10th cent.
Halfdan II.....................................c. 902-910 with...
Eowils.........................................c. 902-910 and...
Ivar...........................................c. 902-910
? ................................................ ?
Ragnald I.......................................912/9-921
Sihtric the Blind.................................921-927
Guthfridh II..........................................927
To England........................................927-939
Olav I............................................939-941
Olav II...........................................941-943 d. 952
Ragnald II........................................943-944
Olav II (restored)....................................944 d. 952
To England........................................944-948
Eric Bloodaxe.....................................948-949 d. 954
Olav II (re-restored).............................949-952
Eric Bloodaxe (restored)..........................952-954
To England thereafter
WALES
The west coast of the Isle of Britain between the Rivers Mersey and Severn. The Welsh (or Cymri, to give their own name for themselves) are the descendents of the Romano-Britons who were gradually pushed westward by the Anglo-Saxons at the close of the Classical era. Independent until the end of the 13th century, they have retained their national identity, and continue to exert a substantial influence on the British character.
DEHEUBARTH
- To Gwnedd
- GWYNEDD
- Cadel I...........................................871-909
To Dyfed..........................................909-950
Owen..............................................950-986
Meredith I........................................986-999
?
Llewelyn.........................................1018-1023
Rhydderch........................................1023-1033
Meredith II......................................1033-1035 with...
Howel II.........................................1033-1042/4
Griffith I.....................................1042/4-1046 d. 1063
Griffith II......................................1046-1055
Griffith I (restored)............................1055-1063
Meredith III..................................c. 1064-1072
Rhys I...........................................1072-1078
Rhys II..........................................1078-1093
To Gwynedd.......................................1093-1135
Griffith III.....................................1135-1137
Anarawd..........................................1137-1143 with...
Cadel II.........................................1137-1151
Meredith IV......................................1151-1155 with...
Rhys III.........................................1151-1197
Griffith IV......................................1197-1201
To England.......................................1201-1204
Rhys IV Gryg.....................................1204-1234 with...
Maelgwyn.........................................1216-1231
To England.......................................1231-1404
GLYNDWR
Owen.............................................1404-1408 d. c. 1416
To England thereafter
DYFED
Aergul
Gwerthefyr........................................fl. 544
Cyngar
Peter
Arthur............................................547- ?
Nowy.............................................. ? -585
Gwydion
Cathen
Cadogan
Rhain I
Twdys
Meredith
Rhain II..........................................796-808
Tryffin II........................................808-814
(one or two, names and dates unknown)
Hyfaidd........................................fl. c. 870
Llwyrch...........................................893-904
Rhodri............................................904-906
Howel Dda.........................................906-950
To Deheubarth thereafter
GWENT
- GWENT
- Ffernfael I..........................................-775
Arthwys
Ithel................................................-848
To Morgannwyg
Merig..........................................c. 870-874
Ffernfael II......................................874-c. 880
Brochwel.......................................c. 880-926
Owen of Morgannwyg................................926- ? .with...
Cadogan
Arthfael I........................................fl. 927
Cadel................................................-942
Noe...............................................fl. 955
Arthfael II.......................................fl. 982
Rhodhri
Griffith
Edwin.........................................fl. c. 1020
GWYNEDD The northernmost of the Welsh Principalities.
- GWYNEDD
- Maelgwyn I........................................534-547
Cynlas............................................547- ?
Rhun
Cangan
Cadwal
Idgwyn
Beli
Iago
Cadfan...........................................fl. c. 615
Cadwallon I......................................fl. c. 625
Cadafael.........................................fl. c. 656
Cadwalladr I
Cadwalladr II
Idwal I..........................................fl. c. 682
Rhodri I
Caradoc..........................................fl. c. 754
Howel I..........................................fl. c. 798
Mervyn............................................825-844
Rhodri II the Great...............................844-878
Anarawd...........................................878-916
Idwal II..........................................916-942
To Deheubarth.....................................942-950
Iago I............................................950-979 with...
Idwal III.........................................950-969
Howel II..........................................979-985
Cadwallon II......................................985-986
Meredith I........................................986-999
Cynan.............................................999-1005
Llewelyn I.......................................1005-1023
Iago III.........................................1023-1039
To Deheubarth....................................1039-1063
Bleddyn..........................................1063-1075
Traheaern.............................................1075 d. 1081
Griffith I............................................1075 d. 1088
Trahaearn (restored).............................1075-1081
Griffith I (restored)............................1081-1088
To England.......................................1088-1094
Griffith II......................................1094-1137
Owen I the Great.................................1137-1170
Cadwalladr III...................................1170-1172 with...
Iorwerth.........................................1170-1174 and...
Maelgwyn II......................................1170- ??? and...
David I..........................................1170-1195 and...
Rhodri III.......................................1170-1195 and...
Cynan............................................1170-1173 and then...
Griffith III.....................................1173-1200 and...
Meredith II......................................1173-1212 and finally...
Llewelyn II......................................1195-1240
David II.........................................1240-1246
Owen II..........................................1246-1255 with...
Llewelyn III.....................................1246-1282 with...
Owen III..............................................1277 and...
David III........................................1277-1283
To England.......................................1283-1400
GLYNDWR
Owen.............................................1400-1409 d. c. 1416
To England thereafter
MORGANNWG
Gwynllyn
(one or two, names and dates unknown)
Meurig I.......................................fl. c. 630
Morgan I.............................................-665
Ithel..........................................fl. c. 720 ?
Rhys I
(several, names and dates unknown)
Howel I........................................c. 870-
Owen I............................................fl. 926
Morgan II......................................c. 930-974
Owen II...........................................974-
Rhys II
Howel II
Meurig II.....................................c. 1040-
Cadogan..............................................-1055 d. c. 1073
To Gwynedd.......................................1055-1063
Cadogan (restored)...............................1063-c. 1073
Caradog.......................................c. 1073-1081
Jestyn...........................................1081-c. 1093
NORTH POWYS
- POWYS
- Iorwerth.........................................1160- ??? with...
Owen II Fychan...................................1160-1187 and...
Owen III Bragynfyn...............................1160- ??? and...
Griffith I Maelor................................1160-1191
Owen IV..........................................1191-1197 with...
Madoc IV.........................................1191-1236
Griffith II......................................1236-1238 with...
Meredith III.....................................1236-1238 and... d. 1256
Griffith III Maelor..............................1236-1269 with, again...
Meredith III (restored).....................aft. 1240-1256
Madoc III........................................1269-1277 with...
Griffith IV......................................1269-1282 d. 1289
Llewelyn.........................................1269-1282
Owen V...........................................1269-1282
To England.......................................1282-1400
GLYNDWR
Owen.............................................1400-1408 d. c. 1416
To England thereafter
POWYS
- VORTIGERN
- Vortigern I....................................c. 420-c. 447
Vortigern II...................................c. 447-455/460
Ambrosius Aurelianus...........................c. 460-C. 488
Owen Ddantgwyn (
Arthur?).......................c. 488-C. 520
Cuneglasus (Cyngen I)..........................c. 520-c. 550
Brochfael I Ysgithrog..........................c. 550-c. 580
Cynan Garwyn...................................c. 580-c. 598
Selyf..........................................c. 598-c. 613
Cyndrwyn.......................................c. 613-c. 630
Cynddylan Wyn..................................c. 630-c. 656
Gwyllog...........................................late 7th c.
Eliseg............................................mid 8th c.
Brochfael II...................................... ? - ?
Cadel II.......................................... ? - ?
Cyngen II.........................................808-856
To Gwynedd........................................856-942
To Deheubarth.....................................942-950
To Gwynedd........................................950-1039
To Deheubarth....................................1039-1063
To Gwynedd.......................................1063-1075
POWYS
Madoc I..........................................1075-1088 with...
Rhirid...........................................1075-1088 and...
Cadogan..........................................1075-1109 with... d. 1111
Iorwerth.........................................1088-1103 and... d. 1111
Meredith I.......................................1088-1103 d. 1132
Madoc II ap Rhirid...............................1109-1110 with... d. 1114
Ithel ap Rhirid..................................1109-1124 and...
Cadogan (restored)...............................1110-1111 and...
Iorwerth (restored)..............................1110-1111 and then...
Madoc II (restored)..............................1111-1114 and...
Owen I ap Cadogan................................1111-1116 and...
Meredith I (restored)............................1111-1132 with...
Einon ap Cadogan.................................1116-1123 and...
Meredith II ap Cadogan...........................1116-1124 and...
Morgan ap Cadogan................................1116-1128
Madoc III ap Meredith ap Bleddyn.................1132-1160
Partitioned between North Powys and South Powys.......1160
SOUTH POWYS
- POWYS
- Owen II Cyfeiliog.................................1160-1195 d. 1197
Gwenwynwyn........................................1195-1208 d. 1216
To Gwynedd........................................1208-1210
Gwenwynwyn (restored).............................1210-1216
To Gwynedd........................................1216-1241
Griffith..........................................1241-1257 d. 1282
To Gwynedd........................................1257-1263
Griffith (restored)...............................1263-1274 d. 1282
To Gwynedd........................................1274-1277
Griffith (re-restored)............................1277-1282
To England thereafter
Scotland
The northern portion of the Isle of Britain, together with most of the smaller islands. The Scots as a people are a composite of northern Irish Gael, northern Anglo-Saxon, Norman, Norwegian, and native Caledonian, or Pict. A small land and thinly populated, her skeptical and occasionaly dour children are legendary the world over as soldiers, merchants, doctors, explorers, engineers, and inventors; any trade, in fact, that requires considerable self-discipline combined with a flare of creativity.
DalRIADA The Scots were originally an extended clan located in Northern Ireland, the Gens DalRiada. During the troublous 5th century CE, this group migrated as a nation out of Ireland, and into what is nowadays Argyllshire. Here, they established a kingdom, and commenced extending their control in piecemeal fashion, first into Perthshire, then Lothian, then north into Mar and the Highlands. This brought them into immediate conflict with the native Caledonian population, the Picts. The ensuing wars were an epic whose fury we can only dimly hear at this distance, but the eventual result was the amalgamation of the Pictish and Scottish peoples into a single nation.
- THE DALRIADAN ROYAL HOUSE
- Fergus I MacErc................................c. 475-c. 501
Domangort I....................................c. 501-c. 506
Comgal.........................................c. 506-c. 538
Gabran.........................................c. 538-c. 560
Conall I.......................................c. 560-574
Aedan.............................................574-c. 608
Eochaid I......................................c. 608-629
Connad Cerr...........................................629
Domnall I Brece...................................629-642 with...
Ferchar I.........................................637-650
Conall II Crandomna...............................650-660
Domangort II......................................660-673
Maelduin..........................................673-689 with...
Ferchar II the Tall...............................677-697 with...
Domnall II Donn...................................689-696 and then...
Eochaid II Crook-nose.............................696-697
Ainbcellach.......................................697-698
Eogan I...........................................698-711/14 with...
Fiannamail........................................698-700 and then...
Selbach...........................................700-723
Dungal............................................723-726
Eochaid III the Venomous..........................726-733
Alpin I...........................................733-736
Eogan II..........................................736-739
Angus I...........................................739-748 d. 761
Aedh I Finn MacEochu..............................748-778
Fergus II.........................................778-781
Domnall III.......................................781-c. 805 with...
Donndorc..........................................fl. c. 792
Conall III MacTadg.............................c. 805-c. 807
Conall IV......................................c. 807-c. 811
Conn...........................................c. 811-820
Angus II..........................................820-834
Aedh II...........................................834-c. 836
Eoganan I......................................c. 836-839
Alpin II ui Aedh Finn.............................839-840
Eoganan II............................................840
Kenneth I MacAlpin................................840-859
Kenneth succeeded in permanently unifying his realm with that of the Picts. His successors, Kings of the Scots and Picts, are recorded under Scotland.
LORD of the ISLES The Hebrides and the west coast of Scotland generally. The MacDonalds are one of the most widely recognized clans of Scotland, and named as such from the second half of the 13th century. They ruled as virtually independent monarchs in the West until the waning of the Middle Ages.
- To Norway, and the Jarls of Orkney.............c. 875-c. 1140
MacDONALD
Sumerled......................................c. 1140-1164
Dugald I.........................................1164-c. 1192 with...
Reginald.........................................1164-c. 1210
Donald I......................................c. 1210-1230
Uspak.................................................1230
Dugald II Screech................................1230-1235 with...
Duncan...........................................1230-1248
Evan.............................................1248-1249
Dugald III.......................................1249-1266
To Scotland thereafter...
Angus I the Elder................................1266-1296
Alexander I......................................1296-1299 d. ?
Angus II the Younger.............................1299-1330
John I...........................................1330-1387
Donald II........................................1387-1423
Alexander II.....................................1423-c. 1426 d. 1449
To Scotland directly..........................c. 1426-1435
Alexander II (restored)..........................1435-1449
John II..........................................1449-1494
John MacDonald forfeited his estates and titles to the crown, which thereafter utilized the title of "Lord of the Isles" as a title of the Heir to the Kingdom; this custom continued after the unification of England and Scotland, and the title is today among those of the Prince of Wales.
Donald III the Black..................................1545
ORKNEY The Orkney Isles, an archipelago off the north coast of Britain, were in the control of the Kings of Norway for many centuries, but produced a notable series of Jarls who have left an indelible imprint on Scottish history. The following list attempts to trace them, although it must be admitted that it is in a very tentative and confused state. One of the few sources is the
Orkneyinga Saga, which is quite eloquent, but omits dates for the most part; these must be supplied, where they can at all, by indirect means.
- EYSTEINSSON
- Sigurd I the Powerful..........................c. 875-c. 892
Guthorm........................................c. 892-c. 893
Hallad.........................................c. 893-c. 894
Turf-Einar I...................................c. 894-910
Arnkel.........................................c. 910-954 with...
Erlend I.......................................c. 910-954 and...
Thorfinn I Skullsplitter.......................c. 910-977
Arnfinn...........................................977-... with...
Havard............................................977-
Einar II Buttered-Bread....................(a short time)
Einar III Hard-Mouth.......................(a short time)
Ljot..................................................... with...
Skuli
Hlodvir............................................. -c. 988
Sigurd II the Stout............................c. 988-1014
To Norway directly...............................1014-1017
Sumerled.........................................1017-bfr. 1020 with...
Brusi............................................1017-aft. 1020 and...
Einar IV Wrymouth................................1017-1020 Brusi with...
Thorfinn II the Mighty...........................1021-1064 with...
Rognvald I.......................................1035-1045?
Paul I...........................................1064-1098 with...
Erlend II........................................1064-1098
To Norway directly...............................1098-1103
Haakon...........................................1103-1117 with...
St. Magnus I.....................................1103-1117
Paul II..........................................1117-1137 with...
Harold I.........................................1117-c. 1150 and...
Erlend III.......................................1117-1154 d. 1156 and...
KOLSSON
Rognvald II the Holy.......................1138-1152, 1154-1158
ATHOLL
Harold II Maddadarsson...........................1138-1206 with...
ERIKSSON
Harold III the Younger.............................c. 1165
ATHOLL
John I...........................................1206-1214 with...
David............................................1206-1214
John II..........................................1214-1231
ANGUS
Magnus II........................................1231-1239
Gilbert..........................................1239-1256
Magnus III.......................................1256-1276
ATHOLL
Magnus IV........................................1276-1284
John III.........................................1284-c. 1312
Magnus V......................................c. 1312-1329
Isabella
Malise
SINCLAIR
William I........................................bfr. 1379
Henry I..............................................-1400
Henry II.........................................1400-1422
William II.......................................1422-1472 d. 1480
To Scotland thereafter
THE PICTS The Pictish people were the aboriginal, non-Celtic folk living in what is now Scotland. A matrilineal people, very little is known about them today. Their language was never transcribed, so all we have of it are some proper names, some of which show signs of Celticization. Their name for themselves is unknown; the Romans coined the term "Picti", meaning "the painted ones, the ones who tattoo themselves", and walled off Caledonia from the rest of Britain, since they could not conquer it. After the withdrawal of the legions, Celts began invading Caledonia, touching off a 400 year war with the Picts. During this time, the Picts became loosely organized in a ramshackle kingdom, which this list memorializes. In this era, the Picts gradually came to resemble their Celtic opponents more and more. Christianity was introduced, and Scots Gaelic developed as a dominant language. Eventually, the Scots were able to suborn the Picts by marrying Pictish royal women, inheriting the kingdom, and passing it on to their patrilineal heirs. This was tried several times, the Picts overthrowing the alien monarch each time. Eventually though, the Scots were successful. Nevertheless, the Picts have retained a strong grip on the imagination of succeeding generations, albeit the fact that even the Scots themselves didn't know their opponent's name; the Gaels simply refered to them as "An Cruithain", Scottish for "the painted folk".
- THE PICTISH ROYAL HOUSE
- Uuredac Uetla.......................,,,..........d. circa 402
Gartnait II diuperr.............................c. 402- ?
Talorc I macachuirr................................ ? -c. 413
Drest I macerp..................................c. 413-c. 451
Talorc II macaniel..............................c. 451-c. 455
Naiton I marbet.................................c. 455-c. 465
Drest II gurthinmac.............................c. 465-c. 495
Galam I.........................................c. 495-c. 510
Drest III.......................................c. 510-c. 530 with...
Drest IV........................................c. 510-c. 525
Gartnait III....................................c. 530-c. 537
Cailtram........................................c. 537-c. 539
Talorc III......................................c. 539-c. 550
Drest V.........................................c. 550-c. 551
Galam II........................................c. 551-556
Brede I............................................556-586/7
Gartnait IV......................................586/7-c. 597
Naiton II.......................................c. 597-c. 617
Cinioc..........................................c. 617-631
Gartnait V.........................................631-635
Brede II...........................................635-641
Talorc IV..........................................641-653
Talorcan I.........................................653-657
Gartnait VI........................................657-664
Drest V............................................664-672
Brede III..........................................672-693
Taran..............................................693-697
Brede IV...........................................697-706
Naiton IV..........................................706-724 d. 729
Drest VI...........................................724-726
Alpin I of Dalriada................................726-728 d. 736
Angus I of Dalriada....................................728 d. 761
Naiton IV (restored)...............................728-729
Angus I (restored).................................729-761
Brede V............................................761-763
Ciniod.............................................763-775
Alpin II...........................................775-c. 780
Drest VII.......................................c. 780-c. 781
Talorcan II.....................................c. 781-c. 785
Talorcan III....................................c. 785-c. 787 with...
Conall Mactadg, of Dalriada.....................c. 785-789 d. c. 807: with...
Conn..........................................bfr. 789-820
Angus II...........................................820-834 with...
Alpin III..........................................832-834
Drest VIII.........................................834-837 with...
Talorc V...........................................834-837
Eoganan............................................837-839
Uurad..............................................839-842
Brede VI...........................................842-842/3
Kenneth I of Dalriada............................842/3-842/3 d. 859
Kenneth II.......................................842/3-843
Brede VII..........................................843-845
Drest IX...........................................845-848
(To Dalriada, to form the Kingdom of the Scots and Picts)
SCOTLAND The kingdom of Scotland emerged in the 9th century CE. from the enforced union of the Kingdom of DalRiada, under Kenneth I, with that of the Kingdom of the Picts. The realm was fully extended in 1034 with the absorption of the Kingdom of Strathclyde. The Hebrides, Orkney Isles, and the Shetland Isles (Norwegian and then Danish fiefs) were attached in 1472.
- MacALPIN
- Kenneth I..........................................844-859
Donald I...........................................859-863
Conn I.............................................863-877
Aedh...............................................877-878
MacRUNN
Eochu..............................................878-889 with...
MacDUNGAL
Girig..............................................878-889
MacALPIN
Donald II..........................................889-900
Conn II............................................900-942 d.c. 943
Malcolm II.........................................942-954
Indulf.............................................954-962
Duff...............................................962-967
Colin..............................................967-971
Kenneth II.........................................971-995
Conn III...........................................995-997
Kenneth III........................................997-1005
Malcolm II........................................1005-1034
MacCRINAN
Duncan I..........................................1034-1040
MacFINLAEC
Macbeth...........................................1040-1057
MacGILLACOMGAN
Lulach the Simple.................................1057-1058
MacCRINAN
Malcolm III Great-Head............................1058-1093
Donald III Bane...................................1093-1094 d.c. 1100
Duncan II..............................................1094
Donald III Bane (restored)........................1094-1097 d.c. 1100 with...
Edmund............................................1094-1097 d.c. 1098
Edgar.............................................1097-1107
Alexander I........................,..............1107-1124
David I the Saint.................................1124-1153
Malcolm IV the Youth..............................1153-1165
William I the Lion................................1165-1214
Alexander II......................................1214-1249
Alexander III.....................................1249-1286
SKIOLDUNG
Margaret..........................................1286-1290
(Interregnum......................................1290-1292)
DeBALIOL
John..............................................1292-1296 d. 1313
(To England.......................................1296-1306)
DeBRUCE
Robert I..........................................1306-1329
David II..........................................1329-1332 d. 1371
DeBALIOL
Edward.............................................Aug-Dec 1332 d. 1363
DeBRUCE
David II (restored)...........................Dec 1332-July 1333 d. 1371
DeBALIOL
Edward (restored).................................1333-1342 d. 1363
DeBRUCE
David II (re-restored)............................1342-1371
STEWART
Robert II.........................................1371-1390
Robert III........................................1390-1406
James I...........................................1406-1437
James II..........................................1437-1460
James III.........................................1460-1488
James IV..........................................1488-1513
James V...........................................1513-1542
Mary I............................................1542-1567 d. 1587
Stuart
James VI..........................................1567-1625
Charles I.........................................1625-1649
Charles II........................................1649-1651 d. 1685
COMMONWEALTH and PROTECTORATE
Parliament........................................1651-1653
Oliver Cromwell...................................1653-1658
Richard Cromwell.............................Sept 1658-May 1659 d. 1712
Parliament.........................................May-Oct 1659
John Lambert..................................Oct 1659-Feb 1660 d. 1684
George Monck.......................................Feb-May 1660 d. 1670
STUART
Charles II (restored).............................1660-1685
James VII.........................................1685-1688 d. 1701
Interregnum.......................................1688-1689
NASSAU-ORANGE
William III.......................................1689-1702 with...
STUART
Mary II..........................................1689-1694
Anne.............................................1702-1708 d. 1714
(United with the kingdom of England, to form the Kingdom of Great Britain.)
James VIII.................................1715, 1745-1746 d. 1766
STRATHCLYDE This loosely organized kingdom was located in what is now southwestern Scotland and Northwestern England. Its center was in Ayrshire, at the present-day city of Dumbarton. Situated as it was between Scotland and Cumbria, it retained aspects of both Gaelic and Cymric culture. Its capital destroyed in 870 by Vikings, it fell under Scottish suzerainty in the 10th century, but regained independence for a 45 year period after 971.
- THE STRATHCLYDE ROYAL HOUSE
- Ceredig.........................................fl. c. 450
Cinuit
Domgal I
Clinioc
Guithno
Tudwal
Naiton
Rhydderc I
Beli I..........................................fl. c. 600
Owen I..........................................fl. c. 645
Gwriad
Domnall I......................................... ? -660
(To Northumbria...................................660-694)
Beli II...........................................694- ?
Tudor............................................. ? -752
Domgal II.........................................752- ?
Owen II
Rhydderc II
Domgal II
Arthgal........................................... ? -872
Runn..............................................872- ?
Eochu (k. of Scots 878-889)....................... ? -889
Donald I......................................fl. aft. 908
Donald II.....................................fl. aft. 908
Owen II......................................fl. c. 915/16
Owen III.....................................fl. c. 927/34
Dunmal............................................ ? -945
Indulf............................................945-954 d. 962: with...
Dunwallun I...........................................950
Duff..............................................954-962 d. 967
Malcolm I.......................................fl. c. 971
Malcolm II.........................................fl. 973
Duffnal............................................fl. 973
Dunwallun II.......................................974-975
Domnall II.........................................975-aft. 991
Malcolm III...................................aft. 991-997
Malcolm IV.........................................997-c. 1016
Owen V the Bald.................................c. 1016/18
Duncan I MacCrinan.........................from circa 1016 d.1040
This king, the King Duncan who was murdered by Macbeth in Shakespeare's play, gained the Kingdom of Strathclyde as a fief of the Kingdom of Scotland at the demise of the last native king, With his succession to the Scottish throne in 1034, Strathclyde was permanently associated with Scotland.
Isle of Man
This smallish island, located in the Irish Sea halfway between Britain and Ireland, has been the recipient of a number of diverse cultural and political threads which have blended to create a unique composite of all the British Isles peoples.
EARLY PERIOD
- Annun.........................fl. circa 400 CE.
Ednyfed....................... ?
Tudwal I...................... ?
Dingad........................ ?
Senyllt....................... ?
Neithon....................... ?
Rhun.......................... ?
Tudwal II..................... ?
Anllech....................... ?
Cynfyn........................ ?
Mervyn the great.............. ? -682
Anarawd....................... ?
Tudwal III.................... ?
Idwal......................... ?
VIKING KINGDOM
- Ketil Flatnose................fl. 9th century
Tryggvi.......................fl. circa 870
Asbjorn Skerjablesi...........
Ragnald of York............... ? -921
Macragnall I.................. ? -940
Macharald................bfr. 974-977
(vacant.......................977-979)
Guthred I.....................979-989
(To the Jarls of Orkney.......989-1060)
Macragnall II................1060- ?
Guthred II..............bfr. 1066-1070
Fingal.......................1070-1079
CROVAN DYNASTY
- Godred I.....................1079-1095
Lagman.......................1095-1096
Olav I............................1096
Donald.......................1096-1098
(To the Jarls of Orkney......1098-1103)
Olav II......................1103-1153
Godred II....................1153-1158 d. 1187
MacDONALD These are ancestors to this clan, named as such after 1250.
Sumerled.....................1158-1164
Reginald the Usurper..............1164 d. c. 1210
CROVAN
Godred II (restored).........1164-1187
Reginald I...................1187-1226
Olav III.....................1226-1237
Harold I.....................1237-1248
(vacant......................1248-1249)
Reginald II.......................1249
Harold II....................1249-1250
Ivar.........................1250-1252
Magnus.......................1252-1265
LATER PERIODS
The next 68 years saw a rapidly shifting series of take-overs as England and Scotland vied for supremacy on the Isle, as a part of the larger conflict between the two nations during the War of the Scottish Succession. Here is the sequence of changes in feudal authority:
- To Scotland..................1265-1290
To England...................1290-1313
To Scotland..................1313-1317
To England...................1317-1328
To Scotland..................1328-1333
To England...................1333-
In 1333 England achieved permanent control over the island. In that year, King Edward III invested local feudal authority to the Montague family. The Isle of Man had never surrendered its local traditions, including the regality invested in the leadership of the island, and thus the Montagues and their successors were granted the style "King of the Isles of Man". Here is a list of these later monarchs remembered as such because they were recognized as such by the English Crown, and because they form a succession of the last petty kingdom in Britain to survive into near modern times.
MONTAGUE
- William I....................1333-1344
William II...................1344-1393
LeSCROPE
- William III..................1393-1399
PERCY
- Henry I......................1399-1405
STANLEY
- John I.......................1405-1414
John II......................1414-1437
Thomas I.....................1437-1459
Thomas II....................1459-1504
Thomas III...................1504-1521
Edward.......................1521-1572
Henry II.....................1572-1593
Fernando.....................1593-1594
(confiscation to the Crown...1594-1610)
William IV...................1610-1642
James I......................1642-1651
COMMONWEALTH and PROTECTORATE
- Puritan Governor; Thomas Fairfax...1651-1660
STANLEY
- Charles......................1660-1672
William V....................1672-1702
James III....................1702-1736
MURRAY
- James III....................1736-1764
John III.....................1764-1765 d.1774
In 1765, John Murray was successfully pressured by the government into accepting a large cash payment in return for surrenduring his title to the Crown, and transferring authority on the island to direct control by Great Britain. This was done because the British government was finding the island's thriving smuggler's trade between Britain and Ireland, and the subsequent loss of considerable revenue, intolerable. Thus ended the semi-independent Kingdom of Man. Even so, the Isle of Man to this day retains considerable local autonomy, and British law enacted in London is not considered binding on the island unless the island is specifically named in the Act. Local authority is vested in a legislature, the House of Keys, one of the oldest legislative bodies still in existence.